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快3投注2023-01-31 16:05

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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    重点机构和场所加强健康监测和早期干预******

      【抗疫中,我们众志成城㊼】

      光明日报记者 陈海波

      新冠病毒感染“乙类乙管”后,不再划定高低风险区。但一些人员密集、老年人等脆弱人群集中的机构和场所,仍然不可大意。

      “实施‘乙类乙管’措施后,重点人群、重点机构、重点场所仍然是防控重点。养老机构、社会福利机构等场所高风险人群较多、人员集中,疫情传播风险大,要加强健康监测和早期干预,确保重症高风险人员能够及时发现、及时转诊、及时救治。商超、物流、餐饮、交通等行业从业人员要加强个人防护,做好自我健康监测,出现症状及时报告。”国家卫健委新闻发言人、宣传司副司长米锋1月11日在国务院联防联控机制新闻发布会上表示。

      对重点机构和场所开展健康监测

      “乙类乙管”后,哪些机构和场所是疫情防控的重点?

      中国疾控中心传防处研究员常昭瑞介绍,重点机构主要包括养老机构、儿童福利领域服务机构、精神卫生福利机构、学校、邮政快递、医疗机构等,重点场所主要有客运车站、商场超市、农贸(集贸)市场、餐饮服务单位以及沐浴服务单位等人员密集、空间密闭、容易发生聚集性疫情的场所。这些机构和场所应落实好单位防控责任和个人的疫苗接种、自我防护、健康监测、环境清洁消毒和通风换气等措施。

      奥密克戎变异株传播速度快,重点机构和场所人员密集,一旦有传染源引入,短期内易造成传播扩散。“在落实好重点机构和场所常规防控措施下,要通过开展健康监测以及抗原或核酸检测,及早发现疫情。”常昭瑞说。

      那么,如何加强监测?

      常昭瑞指出,对社会福利机构等脆弱人群集中的场所,每日至少要开展两次全体人员的体温检测和新冠病毒感染相关症状监测。根据机构是否采取封闭管理,对机构内工作人员和被照护人员分类开展定期核酸或者抗原检测。如果出现可疑症状,要及时采取核酸或者抗原检测。医疗机构重点要做好重症高风险住院患者的抗原或核酸检测,及时发现和管理感染者,降低疫情在医疗机构内的传播和扩散。其余重点机构和重点场所工作人员要加强监测,出现症状时要及时进行抗原检测和核酸检测。

      制定商场超市等场所疫情防控操作指南

      春节期间,商场、超市、农贸市场等客流量比较大,如何做好疫情防控?

      商务部消费促进司一级巡视员耿洪洲介绍,商务部在加强市场监测预警,指导商贸流通企业加大备货力度、保障生活必需品市场供应充足的同时,严格按照“乙类乙管”总体方案,制定了商场、超市、农贸(集贸)市场等重点场所新冠病毒感染疫情防控操作指南,明确防控制度、环境卫生、员工卫生防护等要求,指导行业做好防控工作。

      要防控疫情,首先得做好自我防护。耿洪洲说,要做好员工自我健康监测,如有相关症状,要及时报告并开展抗原或核酸检测;符合疫苗接种条件的员工需要完成疫苗加强接种,实现“应接尽接”;员工工作期间全程佩戴口罩,穿戴一次性手套等防护用品;引导顾客全程规范佩戴口罩。同时,加强环境卫生消毒。

      此外,提倡无接触服务。“鼓励顾客优先采用扫码付款方式结账,尽量减少人员接触和排队时间。鼓励线下与线上购物相结合,因地制宜开展即时零售、网订店送等服务。”耿洪洲说。

      养老机构做到关口前移

      “现在全国有4万多个养老机构,入住老年人220多万人,一旦养老机构发生感染,容易形成聚集性感染,而且老年人感染后,重症风险比较高。”民政部养老服务司副司长李邦华指出。

      那么,养老机构如何做好防护,实现老年人“保健康、防重症”?

      李邦华说,要做到关口前移。

      他介绍,养老机构要每天至少两次健康监测和每周两次核酸或抗原检测,做到老年人疑似新冠感染症状的“早发现”,以及养老机构阳性人员的“早发现”。落实老年人分类分级健康服务,为老年人配备必要的血氧仪和吸氧设备,做到老年人重症前期“早识别”。发挥养老机构内设医疗机构和定点协议医疗机构的作用,储备相应药物,通过远程或者上门服务,做到老年人诊疗的“早干预”。健全养老机构感染者的转运机制和就医绿色通道,提高转诊效率。

      当前,一些长期封闭管理的养老机构面临很多困难。对此,李邦华表示,要加强养老机构的纾困,及时组织工作人员安全有序进行轮换和休整,同时加强对养老机构工作人员和老年人的关心关爱。

      “尤其是春节来临之际,要加强心理疏导和春节相关活动安排,同时推动各地出台更多有针对性的养老机构纾困政策,帮助养老机构渡过难关。”他说。

      (光明日报北京1月11日电)

      《光明日报》( 2023年01月12日 04版)

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